通過(guò)鍛造能消除金屬在冶煉過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的鑄態(tài)疏松等缺陷，優(yōu)化微觀組織結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)由于保存了完整的金屬流線，鍛件的機(jī)械性能一般優(yōu)于同樣材料的鑄件。

Forging can eliminate the defects such as casting porosity and so on during the smelting process, and optimize the microstructure. At the same time, because of the intact metal flow line, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials.

在考慮鍛造工藝時(shí)特別是后一火的鍛造時(shí)，應(yīng)盡量避免在臨界變形程度下進(jìn)行，以免得到粗大晶粒組織。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，高溫下金屬塑性好，變形抗力小，應(yīng)采用遠(yuǎn)大于臨界變形程度的較大變形量鍛造；低溫修正時(shí)采用低于臨界變形程度的小變形量進(jìn)行局部修整。

When the forging process is cidered, especially when the last fire is forged, the critical deformation should be avoided as far as , so as to avoid coarse grain structure. Concretely speaking, high temperature metal has good plasticity and small deformation resistance. We should adopt large deformation amount forging far greater than critical deformation degree. When low temperature correction is used, small deformation below critical deformation degree should be used for local trimming.

由于熱變形形成纖維組織，會(huì)使金屬的力學(xué)性能出現(xiàn)異向性，即縱向力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)中的A，Z，Ak比橫向相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)大得多，兩個(gè)方向上的強(qiáng)度Rm。Re差別不大。

Due to the formation of fibrous microstructure by thermal deformation, the mechanical properties of metals will be different. That is, A, Z and Ak in longitudinal mechanical properties are much larger than those itransverse direction, and the strength in two directi is Rm. Re is not very different.

定期對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)，所有的操作者工作之前必須帶好防護(hù)用具。在進(jìn)行鍛造作業(yè)時(shí)，幾個(gè)操作者之間要集中精力，互相配合，躲開(kāi)危險(xiǎn)方向，選擇相對(duì)安全的位置。

Maintenance of equipment on a regular basis, and all operators must take protective equipment before working. In the process of forging, several operators should their energy, cooperate with each other, avoid the dangerous direction, and choose a relatively safe.