鍛件是金屬被施加壓力，通過(guò)塑性變形塑造要求的形狀或合適的壓縮力的物件。這種力量典型的通過(guò)使用鐵錘或壓力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。鍛件過(guò)程建造了精致的顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)，并改進(jìn)了金屬的物理屬性。

A forged piece is an object that is applied to the metal by pressure to shape the required shape or the appropriate compression force by plastic deformation. This force is typically achieved by using a hammer or pressure. The process of forging has built a fine particle structure and improved the physical properties of the metal.

若因溫度和變形程度選擇不當(dāng)而得到粗大晶粒時(shí)，可利用熱處理相變細(xì)化晶粒組織，但對(duì)于熱處理中不發(fā)生相變的鋼種，如奧氏體鋼，就必須在鍛造過(guò)程中獲得細(xì)小而均勻的晶粒組織，因此對(duì)這樣的材料在鍛造時(shí)須加倍注意。

If the temperature and degree of deformation and improper selection of coarse grains, the grain refinement phase change heat treatment, but for the steel phase transition does not occur in the heat treatment, such as austenitic steel, it must be in the forging process have fine and uniform grains, so this kind of material in the forging must pay more attention to.

在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，機(jī)器自由鍛已成為鍛造生產(chǎn)的主要方法，在重型機(jī)械制造中，它具有特別重要的作用。而產(chǎn)生的鍛件形狀和尺寸主要由操作工的技術(shù)水平?jīng)Q定。

In modern industrial production, machine free forging has become the main method of forging production, and it plays a particularly important in heavy machinery manufacturing. The shape and size of the forgings are mainly determined by the technical level of the operator.