自由鍛。指用簡(jiǎn)單的通用性工具，或在鍛造設(shè)備的上、下砧鐵之間直接對(duì)坯料施加外力,使坯料產(chǎn)生變形而獲得所需的幾何形狀及內(nèi)部質(zhì)量的鍛件的加工方法。 采用自由鍛方法生產(chǎn)的鍛件稱為 自由鍛件。

Free forging. It refers to the processing method of forgings directly using the external force between the upper and the lower anvil of forging equipment, so as to get the required geometry and internal quality by applying external force directly to the billet. Forgings produced by free forging are called free forgings.

鍛造工藝過程一般由以下工序組成，即選取鋼坯下料、加熱、成形、鍛后冷卻。鍛造的工藝方法有自由鍛、模鍛和胎膜鍛。生產(chǎn)時(shí)，按鍛件質(zhì)量的大小，生產(chǎn)批量的多少選擇不同的鍛造方法。

The forging process is generally  of the following processes, namely, the selection of high quality billets, heating, forming and cooling after forging. The forging process includes free forging, die forging and fetal membrane forging. When manufacturing, according to the size of forgings and the number of production batches, different forging methods are chosen.

自由鍛生產(chǎn)率低，加工余量大，但工具簡(jiǎn)單，通用性大，故被廣泛用于鍛造形狀較簡(jiǎn)單的單件、小批生產(chǎn)的鍛件。自由鍛設(shè)備有空氣錘、蒸汽-空氣錘和水壓機(jī)等，分別適合小、中和大型鍛件的生產(chǎn)。

Free forging has many advantages such as low productivity, large machining allowance, but simple tool and versatility. So it is widely used for forging single piece and small batch forgings with simpler shape. The free forging equipments include air hammer, steam air hammer and hydraulic press, etc., which are suitable for the production of small and medium heavy forgings, respectively.