軋輥的品種和制造工藝隨冶金技術(shù)的進步和軋鋼設(shè)備的演變而不斷發(fā)展。中世紀軋制軟的有色金屬時使用強度低的灰鑄鐵軋輥。18世紀中葉英國掌握了軋制鋼板用的冷硬鑄鐵軋輥的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。

The variety and manufacturing process of roll have been developed with the progress of metallurgical technology and the evolution of steel rolling equipment. The use of low strength gray iron rolls in the Middle Ages when rolling soft nonferrous metals. In the middle of the eighteenth Century, Britain mastered the production technology of cold cast iron rolls used for rolling steel plates.

通常對粗軋輥以強度、抗熱裂為主要要求；小型20輥軋機的工作軋輥重僅 100克左右，而寬厚板軋機的支承輥重量已超過200噸。選用軋輥時首先根據(jù)軋機對軋輥的基本強度要求，選定安全承載的主體材料（各種級別的鑄鐵、鑄鋼或鍛鋼等）。

Usually, the main requirements for rough rolling roll are strength and thermal cracking. The working roll weight of small 20 high mill is only 100 grams, while the weight of backup roll of wide plate mill has exceeded 200 t. When selecting the roll, first, according to the requirements of the mill's basic strength for the roller, we select the main material for safety loading (various grades of cast iron, cast steel or forged steel, etc.).

冷軋輥在工作過程中要承受很大的軋制應(yīng)力，加上軋件的焊縫、夾雜、邊裂等問題，容易導致瞬間高溫，使工作輥受到強烈熱沖擊，造成裂紋、粘輥、剝落甚至報廢。由于軋輥的磨損機理很復雜，包括機械應(yīng)力作用、軋制時的熱作用、冷卻作用、潤滑介質(zhì)的化學作用以及其他作用。因此，冷軋輥要有抵抗因彎曲應(yīng)力、扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力、剪切應(yīng)力引起的開裂和剝落的能力，同時也要有高的耐磨性。

Cold roll must bear a lot of rolling stress in the working process, add the weld, inclusion and edge crack of the rolled piece, which can easily lead to instantaneous high temperature, so that the work roll is subjected to strong heat shock, which causes crack, roll, peeling and even scrap. Therefore, the cold roller must resist the ability of cracking and spalling caused by bending stress, torsional stress and shearing stress, and also has high wear resistance.